As far as I can see the only thing set to US (or anything other than UK) is the Display Language. If I change the Display Language to UK (i.e. all settings are UK) then the chinese characters appear. This problem occurs in Office, IE, Photoshop, so it is not an application specific config issue.
Here are more screenshots of my working config. UK language, you can see Display Language is overridden
US language
Advanced options
If I change the override as shown below, so everything is UK, then Chinese character show
